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Spectrum bias: a quantitative and graphical analysis of the variability of medical diagnostic test performance

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References

1993A Meta-analytic Method for Summarizing Diagnostic Test Performances155 cited

Cited by

2014Cochran's Q test was useful to assess heterogeneity in likelihood ratios in studies of diagnostic accuracy417 cited
2008Spectrum bias--why clinicians need to be cautious when applying diagnostic test studies153 cited
2009Decision-Analytic Modeling to Evaluate Benefits and Harms of Medical Tests: Uses and Limitations88 cited
2021Institute for Clinical and Economic Review60 cited
2010Clinimetrics corner: the many faces of selection bias58 cited
2020A new method for synthesizing test accuracy data outperformed the bivariate method36 cited
2008A methodological framework to distinguish spectrum effects from spectrum biases and to assess diagnostic and screening test accuracy for patient populations: Application to the Papanicolaou cervical cancer smear test25 cited

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