benefiting as it does from the collective exploitation of ecosystem services and non-renewable resources on an enormous scale, the international corporate sector will ultimately need to recognise the essentiality of sustainability as a concept, even for the continued viability of its own corporate activities.This sector should be expected, in time, to develop measures which go beyond the basic requirements of environmental and human rights law and to adopt, individually or collectively, standards of practice which lead the way in the quest to achieve true sustainability.Santillo and Johnston, 1999 1 Businesses can create environmental problems for society in virtually all facets of their operations.While government regulations and minimum environmental standards are necessary to reduce negative environmental externalities, the need and desire for voluntary business initiatives to improve environmental quality continue to grow.Firms engage in voluntary environmental improvements for a variety of reasons, including management's values, concerns about firm reputation, and cost reduction.The challenge for managers of global corporations today is to find the optimal level of environmental performance that takes into account environmental realities,
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