The Sensitivity of Primary School Enrollment to the Costs of Post-Primary Schooling in Rural Pakistan: A Gender Perspective

Abstract

This paper examines gender differences in the sensitivity of primary school enrollment to the costs of post-primary schooling in rural Pakistan. Of all measures of the costs of schooling, only distance from primary school is found to be a statistically significant determinant of female primary school enrollment. In contrast, of all measures of the costs of schooling, only distance from middle school is a statistically significant determinant of male primary school enrollment. This has the policy implication that, of measures to ease school supply constraints, improving access to primary schools, not post-primary schools, will reduce the present gender imbalance in rural Pakistani primary school enrollment.

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