Normal aging and prospective memory.

Gilles O. Einstein · Mark A. McDaniel

1,391 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition

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Cognitive Functions and Memory Memory Processes and Influences Aging and Gerontology Research

Abstract

We develop a laboratory paradigm for studying prospective memory and examine whether or not this type of memory is especially difficult for the elderly. In two experiments, young and old subjects were given a prospective memory test (they were asked to perform an action when a target event occurred) and three tests of retrospective memory (short-term memory, free recall, and recognition). From the perspective that aging disrupts mainly self-initiated retrieval processes, large age-related decrements in prospective memory were anticipated. However, despite showing reliable age differences on retrospective memory tests, both experiments showed no age deficits in prospective memory. Moreover, regression analyses produced no reliable relation between the prospective and retrospective memory tasks. Also, the experiments showed that external aids and unfamiliar target events benefit prospective memory performance. These results suggest some basic differences between prospective and retrospective memory.

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1969Category norms of verbal items in 56 categories A replication and extension of the Connecticut category norms.

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2000Strategic and automatic processes in prospective memory retrieval: a multiprocess framework 2003The cost of remembering to remember in event-based prospective memory: Investigating the capacity demands of delayed intention performance.2000Prospective and retrospective memory in normal ageing and dementia: A questionnaire study 2000Changes in memory processing with age 2004A Meta-Analytic Review of Prospective Memory and Aging.2001Brain regions involved in prospective memory as determined by positron emission tomography 2005Multiple Processes in Prospective Memory Retrieval: Factors Determining Monitoring Versus Spontaneous Retrieval.1995Aging and prospective memory: Examining the influences of self-initiated retrieval processes.

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