Article1995

Proficiency testing in sampling: pilot study on contaminated land

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Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation Heavy metals in environment Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies

Abstract

Proficiency testing is a well established method for regularly testing the accuracy of particular laboratories. In this study the methodology of proficiency testing has been applied for the first time to sampling, specifically to environmental sampling on contaminated land. Nine different samplers collected soil samples with the objective of estimating the mean concentration of two trace elements at a site. They used sampling protocols of their own choice, analysed their own samples and reported the results to the organizers. Analytical bias was studied separately by distributing a matrix-matched reference material. The experiment demonstrated the feasibility of the proficiency test in sampling. Large differences between the reported results (by a factor of 2.5) illustrate that sampling can be a major source of error in the assessment of contaminated land.

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1988Protocol for the design, conduct and interpretation of collaborative studies 1995Quality concepts and practices applied to sampling—an exploratory study

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2004Estimation of measurement uncertainty by the budget approach for heavy metal content in soils under different land use 1999Synthetic reference sampling target for the estimation of measurement uncertainty 2011Improved evaluation of measurement uncertainty from sampling by inclusion of between-sampler bias using sampling proficiency testing 2011Measurement instability and temporal bias in chemical soil monitoring: sources and control measures 2007Measurement uncertainty in the determination of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in soil by GC-FID 2004The importance of precision in sampling sludges, biowastes and treated soils in a regulatory framework 2011Understanding the Quality of Chemical Data from the Urban Environment – Part 2: Measurement Uncertainty in the Decision‐Making Process 1999Traceability in chemical measurements for the end users

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