Article2006

The Trials of Separating Bath Water From Baby: A Review and Critique of the MMPI–2 Restructured Clinical Scales

80 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Personality Assessment

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Psychological Testing and Assessment Psychometric Methodologies and Testing Personality Traits and Psychology

Abstract

I review the development of the new set of MMPI-2 scales, the Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales (Tellegen et al., 2003). I identify several conceptual and methodological flaws in the construction of these scales, and I discuss the influence of a central shortcoming, the use of an atypical and depressively biased marker for unwanted ("first-factor") variance and its consequences for the RC Scales. I criticize the monograph introducing and describing the development of these scales for multiple important omissions. I provide examples of RC Scales in which relevant variances were overextracted or underextracted in the process of their construction. I introduce and apply the concept of "construct drift" to the RC Scales corresponding to the MMPI-2 (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989) Clinical Scales, Psychasthenia and Hypomania. I conclude that the RC Scales are highly redundant with and function as routinely scored Content scales and that their designation as Clinical Scales is at best tenuous. I present two more appropriate, unbiased markers for the first factor along with the description of several nonintrusive strategies for increasing the independence of the Clinical Scales without compromising their syndromal fidelity.

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References

1985Toward a consensual structure of mood.1989MMPI-2 : Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 : manual for administration and scoring 1958The Measurement and Appraisal of Adult Intelligence (4th ed.).1985Toward a consensual structure of mood.2000Factor analysis and scale revision.1940A Multiphasic Personality Schedule (Minnesota) : I. Construction of the Schedule 1970A Sequential System for Personality Scale Development 1965Diagnosticians vs. diagnostic signs: The diagnosis of psychosis vs. neurosis from the MMPI.

Cited by

2019Advances in applications of item response theory to clinical assessment.2006Further Evidence on the Validity of the MMPI–2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales: Addressing Questions Raised by Rogers, Sewell, Harrison, and Jordan and Nichols 2008The MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical Scales in the assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid disorders.2011Rewards of bridging the divide between measurement and clinical theory: Demonstration of a bifactor model for the Brief Symptom Inventory.2010Personality Assessment from the Nineteenth to the Early Twenty-First Century: Past Achievements and Contemporary Challenges

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