Culture and Self in South Africa: Individualism-Collectivism Predictions

Liberty Eaton · Johann Louw

211 citations0/0 files storedThe Journal of Social Psychology

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Cultural Differences and Values Social and Intergroup Psychology Social Representations and Identity

Abstract

People from collectivist cultures may have more concrete and interdependent self-concepts than do people from individualist cultures (G. Hofstede, 1980). African cultures are considered collectivist (H. C. Triandis, 1989), but research on self-concept and culture has neglected this continent. The authors attempted a partial replication in an African context of cross-cultural findings on the abstract-concrete and independent-interdependent dimensions of self-construal (referred to as the abstract-specific and the autonomous-social dimensions, respectively, by E. Rhee, J. S. Uleman, H. K. Lee, & R. J. Roman, 1995). University students in South Africa took the 20 Statements Test (M. Kuhn & T. S. McPartland, 1954; Rhee et al.); home languages were rough indicators of cultural identity. The authors used 3 coding schemes to analyze the content of 78 protocols from African-language speakers and 77 protocols from English speakers. In accord with predictions from individualism-collectivism theory, the African-language speakers produced more interdependent and concrete self-descriptions than did the English speakers. Additional findings concerned the orthogonality of the 2 dimensions and the nature and assessment of the social self-concept.

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References

1991Culture and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation 2018Culture's Consequences 1989The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts.1986College sophomores in the laboratory: Influences of a narrow data base on social psychology's view of human nature.1954An Empirical Investigation of Self-Attitudes 1990Multimethod probes of individualism and collectivism.1995Culture, gender, and self: A perspective from individualism-collectivism research.1989Culture and self-perception in Japan and the United States.

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