The Bystander Dilemma and Child Abuse: Extending the Latane and Darley Model to Domestic Violence1

Cees Hoefnagels · Machteld Zwikker

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Intimate Partner and Family Violence Child Abuse and Trauma Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies

Abstract

In this paper, the theoretical framework of the bystander paradigm, as originally developed by Latane and Darley (1968, 1970), is extended to include an example of domestic violence on the basis of empirical research. The purpose of this study is to examine which personal and situational characteristics are associated with noticing and interpretation of child abuse. Records of telephone calls (n= 696) from nonprofessional bystanders who alleged child abuse were analyzed. Results show that these bystanders of child abuse are a diverse group, and include a considerable number of children (peers). Bystanders' characteristics, such as gender and age group, and bystanders' visual and auditory perceptions, affect their interpretation of the abusive situation, i. e., their level of certainty of the abuse. These and other findings are discussed, and implications for future research and the definition of bystanders are formulated.

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1960A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales 1968Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility.1985Child Sexual Abuse: New Theory and Research 1968Group inhibition of bystander intervention in emergencies.1983The incidence and prevalence of intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual abuse of female children 1969A lady in distress: Inhibiting effects of friends and strangers on bystander intervention 1991How children tell: the process of disclosure in child sexual abuse.1986Child witnesses to violence between parents: Critical issues in Behavioral and social adjustment

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