El vino y la nueva identidad de Chile

Abstract

El artículo propone colocar el vino como base para repensar la identidad de Chile. Hasta ahora, la identidad económica de este país ha sido asociada con productos primarios, como el salitre y el cobre. En este sentido, ha sucedido lo mismo que con otros países latinoamericanos, definidos como petroleros, gasíferos, cafeteros, yerbateros, cerealeros o cocaleros. Se cuestiona esa identidad porque no hace más que perpetuar el papel que las Grandes Potencias de Europa asignaron a América Latina en la época colonial, reservándose para ellas la identidad de países industriales. Para romper esta consolidada tendencia, se propone repensar la identidad de Chile a partir de su industria vitivinícola. Como fundamento se señala que Chile es el quinto exportador mundial de vino; que esta es su principal exportación industrial; y que detrás del vino aletea un modelo social distinto, con otros actores y protagonistas. This paper focuses on the wine industry in order to rethink Chile's new national identity. Often, Chile's economic identity has been associated to primary production (agricultural or mineral), such as saltpeter and copper. The same has occurred in other Latin American countries, which have been defined as producers of oil, gas, coffee, yerba mate, cereal, or coca. We contest this identity because it perpetuates the role imposed on Latin America during colonial times by the Great European Powers, who saved the industrial country identity for themselves. In order to break away from this well-established tendency, we propose rethinking Chile's identity in the light of its wine industry. We base our argument on the following issues: First, Chile is number five wine exporter in the world; second, wine is its main industrial export; and third, behind the wine industry there exists a special social model, with its own specific agents and protagonists

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