Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Incarcerated Juvenile Delinquents

Hans Steiner · IVAN G. GARCIA · Zakee Matthews

416 citations0/0 files storedJournal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research Child Abuse and Trauma Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in severely delinquent subjects and to measure associated personality characteristics. METHOD: Eighty-five incarcerated boys (mean age 16.6, SD = 1.2) with mostly violent offenses were studied. The sample was representative of the California Youth Authority population. They received a standard psychiatric screen, a semistructured interview for PTSD, and self-report questionnaires measuring personality traits and defenses. A nonclinical sex- and age-matched group was used for comparing psychometrics. RESULTS: Subjects suffered from PTSD at higher rates than other adolescent community samples and at higher rates than those found in county probation camps. Thirty-two percent fulfilled criteria for PTSD, 20% partial criteria. One half of the subjects described the witnessing of interpersonal violence as the traumatizing event. Psychometric results converged in the predicted way: Subjects with PTSD showed elevated distress, anxiety, depression, and lowered restraint, impulse control, and suppression of aggression; they had high levels of immature defenses such as projection, somatization, conversion, dissociation, and withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS: PTSD occurs at high rates in delinquents, and this finding has implications for management and treatment. Personality characteristics that might put individuals at risk for the development of PTSD were identified.

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References

2013The Development and Treatment of Childhood Aggression 1989The Cycle of Violence 1993Stress-Response Syndromes 1991The structure and function of reactive and proactive aggression.1995Conflict between current knowledge about posttraumatic stress disorder and its original conceptual basis 1993The Psychopathology of Crime: Criminal Behavior as a Clinical Disorder 1995Traumas and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Community Population of Older Adolescents 1995Raising Children in a Socially Toxic Environment

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1998Practice Parameters for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 2014Dimensional structure of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress symptoms: Support for a hybrid Anhedonia and Externalizing Behaviors model 2005Neurocognitive Impairments in Boys on the Life-Course Persistent Antisocial Path.2000Child Maltreatment, other Trauma Exposure, and Posttraumatic Symptomatology among Children with Oppositional Defiant and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders 2012Complex Trauma and Aggression in Secure Juvenile Justice Settings

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