The Kommerkiarios, the Apotheke, the Dromos, the Vardarios, and The West

Abstract

Among the many problems besetting the study of Middle Byzantine economic history are those concerning adjustments to the partial demonetisation of transactions indicated by the fall-off in the numismatic record (of excavations, hoards, and stray finds) for the seventh to ninth centuries, and the origins of a subsequent remonetisation. The administrative systems through which the Middle Byzantine state met its various needs during this period, and the evolution of such systems in response to economic changes (often assumed to be of the state’s own making), have recently attracted attention, a development stimulated by the enrichment and re-ordering of the sigillographic record.

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