Post-traumatic stress symptoms in the first years of conjugal bereavement

Henk A. W. Schut · Jos de Keijser · Jan van den Bout · Jos H. Dijkhuis

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Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research

Abstract

Bereavement is generally regarded as one of the most stressful events one can encounter. Yet, bereavement research and the study of post-traumatic stress seem to be mainly developing along separate lines. Strictly speaking, post-traumatic stress disorder can only occur after encountering events outside the range of normal human experience. Thus, by definition bereavement does not seem to meet the criteria of PTSD. The question remains, however, whether this separate development and formal exclusion of bereavement can be justified by empirical research. To address this question, data are presented of 128 conjugally bereaved in a two-year longitudinal study. It appears that only 50% of the participants does not meet PTSD case-level at any time and 9% meets the criteria at all four data collection points. Interpretation of these findings are discussed in terms of appropriateness of the DSM-III-R criteria regarding PTSD.

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References

1967The social readjustment rating scale 1944SYMPTOMATOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE GRIEF 1987Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R)2008Grief Counseling and Grief Therapy 1983Recovery from bereavement 2018Grief Counseling and Grief Therapy 1999Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders 2003The Anatomy of Bereavement

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2003The role of negative interpretations of grief reactions in emotional problems after bereavement 2008Depression, Anxiety and Quality of Life in Suicide Survivors: A Comparison of Close and Distant Relationships 2001Psychological Outcomes Associated With Traumatic Loss in a Sample of Young Women

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