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Earnings Management Using Real Activities: Evidence from Nonprofit Hospitals
16 references·16 citing·31 second hopsampled
Earnings Management Using Real Activities: Evidence from Nonprofit Hospitals (2011)Earnings Management Using Real Activities…The effects of bonus schemes on accounting decisions (2011)The effects of bonus schemes …The Relation Between Earnings Management Using Real Activities Manipulation and Future Performance: Evidence from Meeting Earnings Benchmarks* (2010)The Relation Between Earnings…Real and Accrual-Based Earnings Management in the Pre- and Post-Sarbanes-Oxley Periods (2008)Real and Accrual-Based Earnin…Estimating Standard Errors in Finance Panel Data Sets: Comparing Approaches (2008)Estimating Standard Errors in…The economic implications of corporate financial reporting (2005)The economic implications of …Equity Incentives and Earnings Management (2005)Equity Incentives and Earning…CEO incentives and earnings management (2004)CEO incentives and earnings m…Earnings Management through Real Activities Manipulation (2003)Earnings Management through R…Earnings Management to Exceed Thresholds (1999)Earnings Management to Exceed…A Review of the Earnings Management Literature and Its Implications for Standard Setting (1999)A Review of the Earnings Mana…The Influence of Institutional Investors on Myopic R&D Investment Behavior (1998)The Influence of Institutiona…Earnings management to avoid earnings decreases and losses (1997)Earnings management to avoid …The information content of losses (1995)The information content of lo…Executive incentives and the horizon problem (1991)Executive incentives and the …The effect of bonus schemes on accounting decisions (1985)The effect of bonus schemes o…Risk, Return, and Equilibrium: Empirical Tests (1973)Risk, Return, and Equilibrium…Real earnings management: A review of the international literature (2022)Real earnings management: A r…The impact of abnormal real earnings management to meet earnings benchmarks on future operating performance (2018)The impact of abnormal real e…The Real Effects of Mandatory Quarterly Reporting (2017)The Real Effects of Mandatory…The Impact of Top Management Team Characteristics on the Choice of Earnings Management Strategies: Evidence from China (2017)The Impact of Top Management …Managerial Incentives, Options, and Cost-Structure Choices (2017)Managerial Incentives, Option…Managerial ability and real earnings management (2017)Managerial ability and real e…Does Ownership Structure Affect Labor Decisions? (2016)Does Ownership Structure Affe…Unraveling the Black Box of Cost Behavior: An Empirical Investigation of Risk Drivers, Managerial Resource Procurement, and Cost Elasticity (2015)Unraveling the Black Box of C…The Behavioral Theory of the (Governed) Firm: Corporate Board Influences on Organizations’ Responses to Performance Shortfalls (2015)The Behavioral Theory of the …Real Earnings Management and Long-Term Operating Performance: The Role of Reversals in Discretionary Investment Cuts (2015)Real Earnings Management and …Earnings Management and Ownership Structure (2015)Earnings Management and Owner…Evidence that the zero-earnings discontinuity has disappeared (2014)Evidence that the zero-earnin…Financial disclosure management in the nonprofit sector: A framework for past and future research (2013)Financial disclosure manageme…Earnings Smoothing Activities of Firms to Manage Credit Ratings* (2012)Earnings Smoothing Activities…Measuring Real Activity Management (2011)Measuring Real Activity Manag…Target ratcheting and effort reduction (2010)Target ratcheting and effort …The Capital Structure Puzzle (1984)Firm Performance and Mechanisms to Control Agency Problems between Managers and Shareholders (1996)An Empirical Evaluation of Accounting Income Numbers (1968)Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk (1988)Earnings management and investor protection: an international comparison (2003)Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk (1979)Detecting Earnings Management. (1995)CAPITAL ASSET PRICES: A THEORY OF MARKET EQUILIBRIUM UNDER CONDITIONS OF RISK* (1964)The Behavior of Stock-Market Prices (1965)THE VALUATION OF RISK ASSETS AND THE SELECTION OF RISKY INVESTMENTS IN STOCK PORTFOLIOS AND CAPITAL BUDGETS**This paper is another in a series of interrelated theoretical and statistical studies of corporate financial and investment policies being made under grants from the Rockefeller Foundation, and more recently the Ford Foundation, to the Harvard Business School. The generous support for this work is most gratefully acknowledged. The author is also much indebted to his colleagues Professors Bishop, Christenson, Kahr, Raiffa, and (especially) Schlaifer, for extensive discussion and commentary on an earlier draft of this paper; but responsibility for any errors or imperfections remains strictly his own.[Professor Sharpe's paper, “Capital Asset Prices: A Theory of Market Equilibrium Under Conditions of Risk” (Journal of Finance, September 1964) appeared after this paper was in final form and on its way to the printers. My first section, which parallels the first half of his paper (with corresponding conclusions), sets the algebraic framework for sections II, III and VI, (which have no counterpart in his paper) and for section IV on the equilibrium prices of risk assets, concerning which our results differ significantly for reasons which will be explored elsewhere. Sharpe does not take up the capital budgeting problem developed in section V below.] (1975)The Cross-Section of Expected Stock Returns (1992)Common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds (1993)On Persistence in Mutual Fund Performance (1997)Earnings Management During Import Relief Investigations (1991)Information asymmetry, corporate disclosure, and the capital markets: A review of the empirical disclosure literature (2001)The theory and practice of corporate finance: evidence from the field (2001)Understanding earnings quality: A review of the proxies, their determinants and their consequences (2010)Voluntary Nonfinancial Disclosure and the Cost of Equity Capital: The Initiation of Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting (2010)Performance matched discretionary accrual measures (2005)A review of tax research (2010)Specification Tests in Econometrics (1978)Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data (2001)Robust Standard Errors for Panel Regressions with Cross-Sectional Dependence (2007)Robust Inference With Multiway Clustering (2011)Policy Uncertainty and Corporate Investment (2015)Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure (1976)Towards a Positive Theory of the Determination of Accounting Standards. (1978)Agency Problems and the Theory of the Firm (1980)Causes and Consequences of Earnings Manipulation: An Analysis of Firms Subject to Enforcement Actions by the SEC* (1996)Opaque financial reports, R2, and crash risk☆ (2009)A review of archival auditing research (2014)
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References

  • 1973Risk, Return, and Equilibrium: Empirical Tests14,248 cited
  • 2008Estimating Standard Errors in Finance Panel Data Sets: Comparing Approaches10,793 cited
  • 2005The economic implications of corporate financial reporting6,337 cited
  • 2003Earnings Management through Real Activities Manipulation5,422 cited
  • 1999A Review of the Earnings Management Literature and Its Implications for Standard Setting4,637 cited
  • 1997Earnings management to avoid earnings decreases and losses3,839 cited
  • 1985The effect of bonus schemes on accounting decisions3,311 cited
  • 2008Real and Accrual-Based Earnings Management in the Pre- and Post-Sarbanes-Oxley Periods3,082 cited
  • 1998The Influence of Institutional Investors on Myopic R&D Investment Behavior3,013 cited
  • 1999Earnings Management to Exceed Thresholds2,764 cited
  • 2011The effects of bonus schemes on accounting decisions2,579 cited
  • 1995The information content of losses2,315 cited
  • 2004CEO incentives and earnings management2,270 cited
  • 1991Executive incentives and the horizon problem1,554 cited
  • 2005Equity Incentives and Earnings Management1,449 cited

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2010
The Relation Between Earnings Management Using Real Activities Manipulation and Future Performance: Evidence from Meeting Earnings Benchmarks*
1,418 cited

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  • 2012Earnings Smoothing Activities of Firms to Manage Credit Ratings*184 cited
  • 2015Real Earnings Management and Long-Term Operating Performance: The Role of Reversals in Discretionary Investment Cuts178 cited
  • 2017Managerial ability and real earnings management175 cited
  • 2022Real earnings management: A review of the international literature163 cited
  • 2010Target ratcheting and effort reduction160 cited
  • 2015The Behavioral Theory of the (Governed) Firm: Corporate Board Influences on Organizations’ Responses to Performance Shortfalls151 cited
  • 2015Unraveling the Black Box of Cost Behavior: An Empirical Investigation of Risk Drivers, Managerial Resource Procurement, and Cost Elasticity148 cited
  • 2017The Real Effects of Mandatory Quarterly Reporting142 cited
  • 2011Measuring Real Activity Management121 cited
  • 2017The Impact of Top Management Team Characteristics on the Choice of Earnings Management Strategies: Evidence from China119 cited
  • 2015Earnings Management and Ownership Structure111 cited
  • 2016Does Ownership Structure Affect Labor Decisions?108 cited
  • 2014Evidence that the zero-earnings discontinuity has disappeared99 cited
  • 2017Managerial Incentives, Options, and Cost-Structure Choices91 cited
  • 2018The impact of abnormal real earnings management to meet earnings benchmarks on future operating performance86 cited
  • 2013Financial disclosure management in the nonprofit sector: A framework for past and future research86 cited