A Measure of Cooperative, Competitive, and Individualistic Attitudes

David W. Johnson · Ardyth A. Norem‐Hebeisen

115 citations0/0 files storedThe Journal of Social Psychology

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Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods Psychometric Methodologies and Testing Social and Intergroup Psychology

Abstract

Summary Six studies involving over 6000 students from kindergarten through college were sequenced over a period of years to develop three relatively independent self-report scales with substantial internal reliability to measure attitudes toward cooperative, competitive, and individualistic interdependence between oneself and others in educational settings. The purpose of the scale development was to provide a research tool for social scientists interested in social interdependence. In addition, evidence consistent with a multidimensional view of social interdependence was gathered, and some additional evidence indicating a change in conceptions of the three types of social interdependence in junior high school was found.

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References

1963Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1961 1949A Theory of Co-operation and Competition 1975Learning Together and Alone: Cooperation, Competition, and Individualization

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