Family burden, quality of life and disability in obsessive compulsive disorder

GP Gururaj · SB Math · JYC Reddy · C.R. Chandrashekar

100 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Postgraduate Medicine

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Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Schizophrenia research and treatment Family Caregiving in Mental Illness

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric disorder that often tends to run a chronic course. The lifetime prevalence of OCD is around 1-3%, which is twice as prevalent as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. AIM: To asses the family burden, quality of life (QoL) and disability in patients suffering from at least moderately ill OCD and then to compare them with schizophrenia patients of comparable severity. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: We recruited 70 consecutive subjects (OCD=35, schizophrenia=35) who met study criteria between March 2005 and March 2006 from the psychiatric services of the National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The severity of illness was rated using the Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S). Instruments used in the current study were the Family Burden Schedule, the World Health Organization (WHO) QoL (Bref) and the WHO - Disability Assessment Schedule (DAS). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The Fisher's exact test/chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables and the independent sample t test was used to analyze continuous variables. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare the groups after controlling for potential confounding variables. Pearson's correlation was used for correlation analysis. RESULTS: Overall family burden, financial burden and disruption of family routines were significantly higher in schizophrenia patients compared to OCD although the groups did not differ with respect to other domains of family burden. On the WHO QoL, OCD patients were comparable to schizophrenia patients with respect to the psychological and social domains. On the WHO - DAS, both the groups were similar in all the domains except getting around. CONCLUSION: Severe OCD is associated with significant disability, poor QoL and high family burden, often comparable to schizophrenia. Therefore, there is an urgent need to increase the sensitivity among healthcare professionals to recognize and treat OCD.

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References

1998The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10 1976ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology 1998Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF Quality of Life Assessment 1989The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale 1998The mini international neuropsychiatric interview 1981National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule 1989The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale 1984Lifetime Prevalence of Specific Psychiatric Disorders in Three Sites

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