Thirteen-Year Trends in Child and Adolescent Fundamental Movement Skills

Louise L. Hardy · Lisa Michele Barnett · Paola T. Espinel · Anthony David Okely

224 citations0/0 files storedMedicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

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Children's Physical and Motor Development Physical Activity and Health Physical Education and Pedagogy

Abstract

PURPOSE: The objective of this study is to describe 13-yr trends in children's fundamental movement skill (FMS) competency. METHODS: Secondary analysis of representative, cross-sectional, Australian school-based surveys was conducted in 1997, 2004, and 2010 (n = 13,752 children age 9-15 yr). Five FMS (sprint run, vertical jump, catch, kick, and overarm throw) were assessed using process-oriented criteria at each survey and children's skills classified as competent or not competent. Covariates included sex, age, cardiorespiratory endurance (20-m shuttle run test), body mass index (kg·m), and socioeconomic status (residential postcode). RESULTS: At each survey, the children's FMS competency was low, with prevalence rarely above 50%. Between 1997 and 2004, there were significant increases in all students' competency in the sprint run, vertical jump, and catch. For boys, competency increased in the kick (primary) and the overarm throw (high school), but among high school girls, overarm throw competency decreased. Between 2004 and 2010, competency increased in the catch (all students), and in all girls, competency increased in the kick, whereas competency in the vertical jump decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, students' FMS competency was low especially in the kick and overarm throw in girls. The observed increase in FMS competency in 2004 was attributed to changes in practice and policy to support the teaching of FMS in schools. In 2010, competency remained low, with improvements in only the catch (all) and kick (girls) and declines in vertical jump. Potentially, the current delivery of FMS programs requires stronger positioning within the school curriculum. Strategies to improve children's physical activity should consider ensuring children are taught FMS to competency level, to enjoy being physically active.

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References

2008A Developmental Perspective on the Role of Motor Skill Competence in Physical Activity: An Emergent Relationship 2010Fundamental Movement Skills in Children and Adolescents 1994Understanding Motor Development: Infants, Children, Adolescents, Adults 2008Childhood Motor Skill Proficiency as a Predictor of Adolescent Physical Activity 2006The Relationship Between Motor Proficiency and Physical Activity in Children 2011Getting the fundamentals of movement: a meta‐analysis of the effectiveness of motor skill interventions in children 2001Relationship of physical activity to fundamental movement skills among adolescents 2014Understanding motor development

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2020A Narrative Review of Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents: What We Know and What We Need to Find Out 2016Comparison of performance on process- and product-oriented assessments of fundamental motor skills across childhood 2014Fundamental movement skills and physical activity among children living in low-income communities: a cross-sectional study 2016The relationship between physical activity and diet and young children's cognitive development: A systematic review

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