Age and the Effect of Economic Hardship on Depression

John Mirowsky · Catherine E. Ross

285 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Health and Social Behavior

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Health disparities and outcomes Mental Health Treatment and Access Employment and Welfare Studies

Abstract

The amount of depression associated with economic hardship among adults may depend on age. This study tests alternative hypotheses about the interaction. The first asserts that the amount of depression associated with economic hardship decreases with older age because of maturity and experience. The second, the opposite, asserts that the amount increases with older age because of increasingly limited future opportunities for recovery. The study analyzes data from 2,592 households in the 1995 and 1998 telephone survey of Aging, Status, and the Sense of Control (ASOC). Regression analyses find that the amount of depression associated with economic hardship decreases with older age, both cross-sectionally and over time. No model shows an increase with age in the depression associated with economic hardship. However, regressions do show that not having household wage income or having a disabling or life threatening chronic disease increases the depression associated with economic hardship. Those interactions somewhat suppress the moderating effect of older age on the association between economic hardship and depression.

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1983Human Capital 1981The Stress Process 1989The Sociological Study of Stress 1992A Family Process Model of Economic Hardship and Adjustment of Early Adolescent Boys 1990Social causes of psychological distress 1986Aging and Health: Effects of the Sense of Control 1987Latent Growth Curves within Developmental Structural Equation Models 1999The Stress Process and the Social Distribution of Depression

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