Control beliefs level and change as predictors of subjective memory complaints

Pai-Lin Lee

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Aging and Gerontology Research Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research Cognitive Functions and Memory

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Low control beliefs (CB) are related to objective cognitive functions, but the link between CB and subjective memory complaints (SMC) is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between CB (level and change) and SMC over a 10-year span. METHODS: The study utilized a large national sample of participants (N = 3272, M = 56.52, SD = 11.84) from the Midlife in the US Study (MIDUS) to examine if both level (mean of Time 1 and Time 2) and change (Time 2 minus Time 1) of CB (personal mastery and perceived constraints) longitudinally predict SMC. RESULT: Both the level of personal mastery and perceived constraints predicted SMC. Long-term changes in perceived constraints, but not in personal mastery, also predicted SMC. No age difference was found for the effects of CB (age × CB) on SMC. CONCLUSION: The findings support the notion that the risk of SMC is related to low CB, and full consideration of CB level and change is needed for intervention development to combat memory loss.

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References

1999Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control 1997Self-efficacy: the exercise of control 1998Successful Aging 1998The sense of control as a moderator of social class differences in health and well-being.2008Enrichment Effects on Adult Cognitive Development 2007Life Span Theory in Developmental Psychology 1986Aging and Health: Effects of the Sense of Control 1986Locus of control in aging research: A case for multidimensional and domain-specific assessment.

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