Density and microhabitat use of Bengal slow loris in primary forest and non‐native plantation forest

Manoon Pliosungnoen · George A. Gale · Tommaso Savini

75 citations0/0 files storedAmerican Journal of Primatology

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Primate Behavior and Ecology Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Plant and animal studies

Abstract

The extent of planted forests has greatly increased in the tropics, but their conservation value while assumed to be low, is largely unknown. We compared the density and microhabitat selection of a nocturnal arboreal primate, the Bengal slow loris (Nycticebus bengalensis), in mostly undisturbed, evergreen tropical forest to those in 15-18 year old Acacia/Leucaena plantations with significant secondary regrowth, and <15 year old plantations with little regrowth. Based on estimates derived from distance sampling, loris densities in older plantations were nearly identical to primary forest (4.26 vs. 4.00 lorises per square kilometer), although encounter rates were three times higher in the older plantations probably owing to the lower detection probability in the more complex vegetation of the primary forest. The mean density estimate for the younger plantation was one-third of the above habitats (1.27 lorises per square kilometer), although not statistically different. Lorises tended to use larger diameter and taller trees, with a greater crown depth than randomly sampled trees, and tended to avoid habitats with sparsely crowned trees. The older plantations had trees with lower basal area and shorter stems than the primary forest; however, the older plantations contained higher densities of Bauhinia lianas, a commonly eaten food source and did not contain the red giant flying squirrel (Petaurista petaurista), a potential competitor. Although it is unknown whether the Bengal slow loris would persist without the presence of primary forest in the landscape, we suggest that older plantations have conservation value for at least selected species and as such, could be better managed to increase this value.

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References

2007Conservation implications of low encounter rates of five nocturnal primate species (Nycticebus spp.) in Asia 2007CITES Proposal Highlights Rarity of Asian Nocturnal Primates (Lorisidae: Nycticebus )2008Primate Populations and Their Interactions with Changing Habitats 2007Unexpected diversity of slow lorises (Nycticebus spp.) within the Javan pet trade: implications for slow loris taxonomy 2006FAST FOOD FOR SLOW LORISES: IS LOW METABOLISM RELATED TO SECONDARY COMPOUNDS IN HIGH-ENERGY PLANT DIET?2002Behavior and Ecology of Wild Slow Lorises (Nycticebus coucang): Social Organization, Infant Care System, and Diet 2000Distribution of three monkey species along a gradient of regenerating tropical dry forest

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2013Medicinal plant exudativory by the Bengal slow loris Nycticebus bengalensis 2011Evaluating the suitability of planted forests for African forest monkeys: a case study from Kakamega forest, Kenya 2011Distribution Patterns of Slender Loris Subspecies (Loris lydekkerianus) in Kerala, Southern India 2016Distribution of the Grey Slender Loris (Loris lyddekerianus Cabrera, 1908) in Tamil Nadu, Southern India 2011Prioritizing Remnant Forests for the Conservation of Mysore Slender Lorises (Loris lyddekerianus lyddekerianus) in Karnataka, India Through Estimation of Population Density

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