Three Off-Stage Characters in Euripides

Abstract

The average cast of a Euripidean tragedy consists of eight different dramatic characters (ta t?? d???at?? p??s?pa), without counting the chorus. This number of different characters or roles can be related to the three actors' rule, current in Euripides' time. Apart from these dramatic characters, however, there are also characters which, though belonging to the story of the play, do not appear on the stage. These off-stage characters2) as they might be called, remain unseen and 'exist' for us, the audience, only by virtue of the fact that other characters speak about them. They miss, in Pfister's terminology3), the multimediality of the normal, dramatic

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