Article1992

Vulnerability to depressive symptomatology: A prospective test of the diathesis-stress and causal mediation components of the hopelessness theory of depression.

299 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Optimism, Hope, and Well-being

Abstract

The diathesis-stress and causal mediation components of the hopelessness theory of depression (Abramson, Metalsky, & Alloy, 1989) were tested using a prospective methodology. Measures of the 3 vulnerability factors posited by the theory (cognitive diatheses about cause, consequences, and self) were completed by 152 Ss at Time (T) 1. Ss completed measures of depressive symptoms, anxious symptoms, and hopelessness at T1 and again at T2, 5 weeks later. Naturally occurring stressors were assessed at T2 (covering the T1-T2 interval). Consistent with the diathesis-stress component, each Cognitive Diathesis x Stress (CD x S) interaction predicted onset of depressive symptoms from T1 to T2. In contrast, the CD x S interactions predicted neither state nor trait anxiety. In addition, 2 of the 3 CD x S interactions (those involving cause and self, but not consequences) were partially mediated by hopelessness. Implications for future work on the hopelessness theory of depression are discussed.

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References

1951Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests 1961An Inventory for Measuring Depression 1988Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation 1978Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation.1974The measurement of pessimism: The Hopelessness Scale.1991Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: Psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications.1989Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype of depression.1982The attributional Style Questionnaire

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