Comparing State and District Test Results to National Norms: The Validity of Claims That “Everyone Is Above Average”

Robert L. Linn, Elizabeth Graue, Nancy M. Sanders

1990-09-01articleEducational Measurement Issues and Practice123 citationsclosed

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Educational Assessment and Improvement Educational Assessment and Pedagogy Teacher Education and Assessments

Abstract

Are all states and nearly all districts claiming that their students are above the national average? If so, are the test results “inflated and misleading?” What are the factors that contribute to the abundance of “above average” scores?

Citations in this library

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References

1988Nationally Normed Elementary Achievement Testing in America's Public Schools: How All 50 States Are Above the National Average

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