Articlehybrid2009

The Coproduction of Neutral Science and Neutral State in Cold War Europe: Switzerland and International Scientific Cooperation, 1951–69

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Twentieth Century Scientific Developments Historical Geopolitical and Social Dynamics International Science and Diplomacy

Abstract

Neither science nor state has ever been transcendentally “neutral,” but they have sometimes been made neutral, together, as this paper shows in the context of cold war Europe. The paper explores how the Swiss government tried to “depoliticize” and “demilitarize” new international research institutions in the fields of high‐energy physics (CERN), space research (ESRO and ELDO), and molecular biology (EMBL) in order to make science neutral. Conversely, this paper investigates how participation in “neutralized” scientific institutions supported Switzerland’s neutrality policy and strengthened this essential element of its national identity. It thus addresses symmetrically the coproduction of neutral science and neutral state.

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References

1999Pandora's hope: essays on the reality of science studies 2006American Hegemony and the Postwar Reconstruction of Science in Europe 1992Value-Free Science? Purity and Power in Modern Knowledge 1987Behind Quantum Electronics: National Security as Basis for Physical Research in the United States, 1940-1960 2003Designs for life: molecular biology after World War II 2006The SAGE Handbook of Nations and Nationalism 1988The Physicists: The History of a Scientific Community in Modern America 2008The Peaceful Atom as Political Weapon: Euratom and American Foreign Policy in the Late 1950s

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2016Détente from the Air: Monitoring Air Pollution during the Cold War 2017Das Big Data Game 2013Introduction: Perspectives on Cold War Science in Small European States 2021Scientific publications from non-academic sectors and their impact 2016Studies of national research performance: A case of ‘methodological nationalism’ and ‘zombie science’?

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