Emotional and self-evaluative effects of social comparison information in later life: How are they moderated by collective self-esteem?

Daniel S. Bailis · Judith G. Chipperfield

22 citations0/0 files storedPsychology and Aging

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Aging and Gerontology Research Social and Intergroup Psychology Cultural Differences and Values

Abstract

This study examined how the emotional and self-evaluative effects of social comparison in 162 community-dwelling older people were moderated by individual differences in their collective self-esteem (CSE), a trait that reflects valuing and identifying with reference groups. In our experimental simulation, administered 6 years after participants' CSE was measured, those with higher CSE reported significantly more positive emotions and self-evaluations only after downward comparison (i.e., with a worse-off peer), and significantly more negative emotions only after upward comparison (i.e., with a better-off peer). These findings contradict the possibility that an adaptive advantage of high CSE might result from the propensity to identify strategically with upward comparison targets. However, contrast with downward targets presents a viable alternative explanation for this advantage.

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1988Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.1988Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.1995The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation.1954A Theory of Social Comparison Processes 1997Self-Rated Health and Mortality: A Review of Twenty-Seven Community Studies 1982Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations 1988Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health.1999The Psychology of Prejudice: Ingroup Love and Outgroup Hate?

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