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Abstract Although the influence of early social environment on man’s adult personality is now well recognized, little is known about the precise nature of the effects. One reason for this is the ethical impossibility of applying certain experimental techniques to human subjects. The question thus arises, can subhuman primates be used instead? Although they are much used in physiological research, and much is know nabout their learning abilities (e.g. Schrier, Harlow & Stollnitz 1965), only recently have they come to be used to study ‘personality’ development (Harlow & Harlow 1965). There are three main objections to their use: (i) It is argued that man’s superior intellectual capacities indicate that his behavioural development is different in kind from that of monkeys, and that the social factors which influence it have a unique nature. This, however, is a matter for empirical investigation. While it is certainly true in many ways, neither the similarities nor the differences between the psychological development of man and monkeys can be assessed until more is known about both. (ii) The social structures of subhuman species, and hence the social environment of the growing young, differ both among themselves and from those found in human societies. Cross-species generalizations thus demand extreme caution.
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