Banassara : un site de pèlerinage dans le Massif Calcaire. Rapport sur les travaux menés en 2002-2004

Abstract

Four campaigns of studies and excavations were accomplished by the author from 2002 to 2004 in the Jebel Wastani in the Massif Calcaire, especially in the site of Banassara. The research focused on the early Christian period, since Banassara was located near the main itinerary between Antioch and Apamea. The site itself extended more than 300 m on both parts of a central valley, sliding down smoothly to the Orontes from the western side. The southern slope is distinguished by a rocky architecture: its installations are carved directly in the hill. The northern part contains the double churches, which constitute an important devotional area for pilgrims. Archaeological evidences from the Hellenistic and Roman periods seem to reveal that the site may have already played a role at that time. The architectural layout of the two churches was completely studied, as well as annexes and mosaics pavements. The sculpted decoration as well as the pavements is of the highest technical quality and of an astonishing variety. Some of the elements seem to be brought to the Massif Calcaire from North Africa through Antioch. The churches were renewed in the VIth century; a bema and a new chancel were added on the top of the pavements. And the motifs of the mosaics are pointing out an unusual topic in the churches: the role of the Orontes.

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