Article1999

Adolescent temperament, perceived social support, and depressive tendencies as predictors of depressive tendencies in young adulthood

Saara Katainen · Katri Räikkönen · Liisa Keltikangas‐Järvinen

72 citations0/0 files storedEuropean Journal of Personality

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Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes Personality Traits and Psychology

Abstract

A 5 year longitudinal study investigated the interrelations of temperament dimensions (negative emotionality, activity, and sociability), perceived social support (friend, significant other, and family support), and depressive tendencies. Temperament (EASTS; Buss, 1991), perceived social support (PSS-R; Blumenthal, Burg, Barefoot, Williams, Haney and Zimet, 1987) and depressive tendencies (a modified version of the BDI) were measured by self-reports in a randomly selected, community-based sample of 302 adolescents at age 15, and depressive tendencies were measured again five years later at age 20. The authors hypothesized a model comprising direct as well as mediated effects between the adolescent predictor variables and depressive tendencies in young adulthood. The structural modelling analyses supported these hypotheses in part, and also indicated some qualitative sex differences. For both girls and boys, a significant direct as well as mediating role was indicated for the current level of depressive tendencies: depressive tendencies at age 15 predicted depressive tendencies at age 20, also mediating the effects of negative emotionality at age 15, and additionally mediating the effects of a low level of activity in girls and a low level of family support in boys. Furthermore, even when the prior level of depressive tendencies was controlled, direct effects were indicated in boys for a low level of sociability, and in girls for significant other support, which also mediated the effects of a low level of sociability. These results highlight the importance of the sex-differentiated interplay of both intrapersonal and psychosocial factors in relation to depressive tendencies both during adolescence and from adolescence to young adulthood. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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References

1985Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis.1989EQS : structural equations program manual 1996Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues, and Applications.1984Negative affectivity: The disposition to experience aversive emotional states.1991Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: Psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications.1989Testing for the equivalence of factor covariance and mean structures: The issue of partial measurement invariance.1986Distinctions between social support concepts, measures, and models 1994The emergence of gender differences in depression during adolescence.

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