Test Theory without an Answer Key

William H. Batchelder · A. Kimball Romney

209 citations0/0 files storedPsychometrika

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Psychometric Methodologies and Testing Educational Assessment and Pedagogy Educational Technology and Assessment

Abstract

A general model is presented for homogeneous, dichotomous items when the answer key is not known a priori. The model is structurally related to the two-class latent structure model with the roles of respondents and items interchanged. For very small sets of respondents, iterative maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters can be obtained by existing methods. For other situations, new estimation methods are developed and assessed with Monte Carlo data. The answer key can be accurately reconstructed with relatively small sets of respondents. The model is useful when a researcher wants to study objectively the knowledge possessed by members of a culturally coherent group that the researcher is not a member of.

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References

1969Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores 1961Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests 1969Latent Structure Analysis.1986Culture as Consensus: A Theory of Culture and Informant Accuracy 1974Exploratory Latent Structure Analysis Using Both Identifiable and Unidentifiable Models 2014Latent Structure Analysis 1986Information Pooling and Group Decision Making 1982Optimal Decision Rules in Uncertain Dichotomous Choice Situations

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