Article2012

Sleep and Academic Performance in Hong Kong Adolescents

Kwok‐Kei Mak · So Lun Lee · Sai Yin Ho · WS Lo

86 citations0/0 files storedJournal of School Health

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Sleep problems may have different influences on students' academic performance. We investigated the prevalence of sleep patterns, naps, and sleep disorders, and their associations with academic performance in Hong Kong adolescents. METHODS: In 2007-2008, 22,678 students aged 12-18 (41.6% boys) completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, sleep patterns and problems, and lifestyle factors including exercise, smoking, alcohol drinking, and academic performance. RESULTS: The prevalence of having >8 hours of sleep was higher on holiday nights (86.4%) than on school-day nights (27.4%). Sleeping after midnight was more common before holidays (49.3%) than before school days (19.9%). Symptoms of insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were reported by 21.5% and 34.4% of students. Having >2 hours of weekend sleep delay was associated with poor academic performance with an odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) of 1.46 (1.29-1.65). However, having 1-2 hours and >2 hours of weekend wake-up delay were both associated with less likelihood of poor academic performance with ORs of 0.64 (0.56-0.73) and 0.69 (0.59-0.80). Other factors associated with poor academic performance included >2 hours of sleep debt, OR of 1.17 (1.03-1.33); having any insomnia symptoms in the past 30 days, OR of 1.27 (1.17-1.37); and having any OSA symptoms at least weekly, OR of 1.23 (1.14-1.32). Napping in the past 5 school days was only marginally associated with poor school performance with an OR of 1.08 (1.00-1.16). CONCLUSION: Poorer academic performance was associated with sleep debt, and symptoms of insomnia and OSA. Sleep compensation but not naps may be a protective factor of poor academic performance.

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References

2009Sleep Patterns and Predictors of Disturbed Sleep in a Large Population of College Students 1998Sleep Schedules and Daytime Functioning in Adolescents 2003Sleep Duration From Infancy to Adolescence: Reference Values and Generational Trends 2011Recent worldwide sleep patterns and problems during adolescence: A review and meta-analysis of age, region, and sleep 2004Sleepless in Chicago: Tracking the Effects of Adolescent Sleep Loss During the Middle School Years 2008Sleep-Wake Patterns and Sleep Disturbance among Hong Kong Chinese Adolescents 2009Searching for the daytime impairments of primary insomnia 2009Associations of Executive Function With Sleepiness and Sleep Duration in Adolescents

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