HOW TO USE SPIRE: A SYSTEMATIC PROCEDURE FOR IDENTIFYING RELEVANT ENVIRONMENTS FOR STRATEGIC PLANNING

Harold E. Klein · W. Rocky Newman

39 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Business Strategy

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Strategic Planning and Analysis Business Strategies and Innovation Competitive and Knowledge Intelligence

Abstract

Companies have been predicting marketing and economic conditions for years, but they lag behind in forecasting environmental changes that can have dramatic impact on their operations. SPIRE is a systematic approach to spotting coming problems, as a look at how one company put it to work indicates.

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1964A Behavioral Theory of the Firm 1969Top Management Planning 1977Environmental scanning for corporate planning 1979The use of multiple scenarios by U.S. industrial companies

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2002Euclid: Strategic alternative assessment matrix 1997Die Szenario-Technik in der strategischen Unternehmensplanung

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