Gender and Perceived Income Entitlement Among Full-Time Workers: Analyses for Canadian National Samples, 1984 and 1994

Abstract

In 2 studies, gender differences in perceived income entitlement through the use of survey data from 2 national samples of full-time workers interviewed in 1984 and 1994 were investigated. We examined whether, and how, views on income entitlement of women and men differ when they are asked about their earnings from real full-time jobs. As expected from the experimental literature, there are gender differences in perceived income entitlements before controls for work characteristics and social background characteristics for both samples and time periods; women felt deserving of less than men did. These differences persist even after multivariate controls for the effects of education, age, time in the career, and 3 characteristics of the type of job on which income entitlement views are based. However, significant gender differences in perceived income entitlement do not obtain with added controls for last year's income in the 1984 data. They are much reduced, but still significant in the 1994 data. Both women and men often felt that they deserve somewhat more than they actually earned. In 1984, there was no difference in the proportions of women and men who felt they deserved more income than they earned, but in 1994 proportionally more women than men felt deserving of additional pay. The differences in results across the 2 studies may be due either to changes over time or to small differences in the procedures of the studies.

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