Soviet Science in the Scientific World System

Abstract

Autarchy, self-reliance, and distinctiveness of an intellectual tradition in a society can be expected to be promoted by isolation of the society. Until the early 1990s, geopolitical constraints made science in the Soviet Union a case of comparatively high isolation. Measures derived from the publications by Soviet scientists and their responses to questionnaires, however, show that, in considerable degrees, their selection of problems was influenced by Western literature, their solutions to selected problems relied on results from the West, and they emulated, deferred to, and valued recognition from peers in the West. Although Soviet science was a regional center within the Eastern Bloc, it was also—and is increasingly more so—a periphery attached to the Western centers of scientific influence.

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