Studying, Working, and Living in Another EU Country

Abstract

This study assessed the willingness of French youth to go and study or work for some time in another EU country. We examined three types of questions: (a) What is the overall level of willingness to go in another EU country? Does age, gender or socioeconomic status (SES) of the family influence this overall level? Which country do French youth prefer to go to? (b) Is a four-factor Push-Anti-Push-Pull-Anti-Pull model able to account for data regarding attitudes toward other countries and attitudes toward France? (c) Is this model able to predict willingness to go and study or work in another EU country, both generally and for individual countries? The overall level of willingness to go to other EU countries was not very high. Except for the United Kingdom the mean response was always located closer to the “No” pole than to the “Quite possible” pole. Gender, age, and educational level of the father did not play a role. Participants clearly preferred the United Kingdom and Spain to Germany or The Netherlands. Exploratory factor analysis showed a clearly interpretable Push-Anti-Push-Pull-Anti-Pull solution, and confirmatory factor analysis showed that this structure fits the attitudes data very well according to the usual indices. This general model, however, did not explain much of the “intent-to-go” variance. In addition, specific Pull attractiveness considerations (liking and knowing the country) played, beyond the general Push-Pull model, a notable role in the determination of willingness to go and study or work in each of the 14 EU countries.

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