Factors influencing the steroid profile in doping control analysis

Ute Mareck · Hans Geyer · Georg Opfermann · Mario Thevis · Wilhelm Schänzer

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Doping in Sports Hormonal and reproductive studies Pharmacological Effects and Assays

Abstract

Steroid profiling is one of the most versatile and informative screening tools for the detection of steroid abuse in sports drug testing. Concentrations and ratios of various endogenously produced steroidal hormones, their precursors and metabolites including testosterone (T), epitestosterone (E), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), androsterone (And), etiocholanolone (Etio), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol (Adiol), and 5beta-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol (Bdiol) as well as androstenedione, 6alpha-OH-androstenedione, 5beta-androstane-3alpha,17alpha-diol (17-epi-Bdiol), 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17alpha-diol (17-epi-Adiol), 3alpha,5-cyclo-5alpha-androstan-6beta-ol-17-one (3alpha,5-cyclo), 5alpha-androstanedione (Adion), and 5beta-androstanedione (Bdion) add up to a steroid profile that is highly sensitive to applications of endogenous as well as synthetic anabolic steroids, masking agents, and bacterial activity. Hence, the knowledge of factors that do influence the steroid profile pattern is a central aspect, and pharmaceutical (application of endogenous steroids and various pharmaceutical preparations), technical (hydrolysis, derivatization, matrix), and biological (bacterial activities, enzyme side activities) issues are reviewed.

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References

2002Recent Advances in Doping Analysis 1997Hormonal doping and androgenization of athletes: a secret program of the German Democratic Republic government 2004Tetrahydrogestrinone: discovery, synthesis, and detection in urine

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2010Endogenous Steroid Profiling in the Athlete Biological Passport 2009Reference ranges for urinary concentrations and ratios of endogenous steroids, which can be used as markers for steroid misuse, in a Caucasian population of athletes 2014Anabolic agents: recent strategies for their detection and protection from inadvertent doping 2012Ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry determination and profiling of prohibited steroids in human biological matrices. A review 2011Annual banned‐substance review: analytical approaches in human sports drug testing

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