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Papago Indian children in elementary school bridge two languages and more than two cultures. Although English is the first language of most Papago children, the unwritten Papago language is used often in home environments to communicate with grandparents and tribal elders. The children are also members of more than two cultures. They belong both to the Papago community, with its Indian heritage and practices and the influence of Christian missions, and the community of American children, united by media, sharing common interests of television shows, sports, and video games. The writing of these children in school reflects their linguistic competence as they make meaningful written language, and the particular cultural influences as they reflect awareness of cultural pragmatics in their writing. This article focuses on three Papago children who were part of a two‐year longitudinal study of the writing process and behaviors during writing of third‐ and fourth‐grade Papago children. Samples of their pen pal letters, general narrative writing, their own versions of Indian legends, and other writing are examined and compared. PAPAGO INDIAN CHILDREN, WRITING PROCESSES, SHARED CULTURE
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