Identifying Positive Dissimulation by Substance-Abusing Individuals on the Personality Assessment Inventory: A Cross-Validation Study

William S. Fals-Stewart · Stephen W. Lucente

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Psychological Testing and Assessment Psychometric Methodologies and Testing Deception detection and forensic psychology

Abstract

The accuracy of a classification equation (which combined scores on the Drug Problems, Alcohol Problems, and Positive Impression scales from the Personality Assessment Inventory [PAI], Morey, 1991), developed by Fals-Stewart (1996) to identify test-taking response sets among substance-abusing individuals, was evaluated. As in the Fals-Stewart (1996) study, three groups of participants completing the PAI were assessed: (a) substance-abusing patients administered the inventory under standard instructions (n = 25); (b) substance-abusing patients asked to respond defensively (n = 25) combined with a group of individuals suspected of abusing drugs, referred for an evaluation by the criminal justice system, who had reasons to conceal their drug use (n = 25); and (c) non-substance-abusing respondents administered the test under standard instructions (n = 25). Significant validity shrinkage in the classification equation was found when applied to the new sample; only 68% of participants were correctly classified into their respective groups, compared to 82% of participants correctly assigned in the Fals-Stewart (1996) investigation.

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References

2013Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 1977The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data 1980Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed 1989MMPI-2 : Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 : manual for administration and scoring 1992The role of psychological testing in forensic assessment.1996The ability of individuals with psychoactive substance use disorders to escape detection by the Personality Assessment Inventory.1974Objective Diagnostic Tests and Measures 1995Personality Assessment Inventory Scale Characteristics and Factor Structure in the Assessment of Alcohol Dependency

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