The impact of women' employment on marital fertility in the U.S.,1970–75

Abstract

The 1975 National Fertility Study provides an opportunity to gain fresh insight into the question of the effect of employment on fertility. Data on intentions regarding both childbearing and work are available for the same women from the 1970 NFS; month-by-month records of actual behaviour were obtained at the interview in 1975. A life-table approach is used in this analysis, yielding conception rates and birth probabilities by duration since last birth (for women without children, since marriage), parity, and fertility intention. Changes in intentions relating to the number as well as the timing of births are considered. The results reveal several distinct mechanisms linking work to childbearing. Generally, employment tended to depress both intended and unintended fertility. But at the same time, positive effects can be observed under certain specific circumstances.

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