Exit Choice Decisions during Pedestrian Evacuations of Buildings

Dorine C. Duives · Hani S. Mahmassani

95 citations0/0 files storedTransportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board

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Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics Traffic control and management Urban Design and Spatial Analysis

Abstract

This paper assesses how exit choice behavior influences the total egress behavior of a crowd during building evacuation. A discrete choice model is proposed to represent pedestrian exit choice decisions during evacuation. The proposed model is based on responses to an Internet questionnaire conducted in the Netherlands and the United States. The results of the Internet questionnaire, consisting of 20 choice experiments by 100 respondents making trade-offs between distance, angular deviation, and group following behavior, are used to estimate a multinomial logit model. Accordingly, a new pedestrian simulation approach that uses a microscopic cellular automata model (EvacPed) is presented. Three levels of decision making are incorporated: global exit choice, regional adaptive route choice, and local operative behavior. Simulations estimate the difference in evacuation time between four exit choice strategies: least distance path, least travel time path, discrete choice incorporating hive knowledge, and discrete choice incorporating vision field. The results suggest that group following behavior has a large impact on the effectiveness of building evacuation.

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References

1995Social force model for pedestrian dynamics 2004Social Influence: Compliance and Conformity 2002Pedestrian and evacuation dynamics 2002Simulation of evacuation processes using a bionics-inspired cellular automaton model for pedestrian dynamics 2003Pedestrian route-choice and activity scheduling theory and models 2008Modeling crowd evacuation of a building based on seven methodological approaches 2005Discrete choice models of pedestrian walking behavior 2009Pedestrian, Crowd and Evacuation Dynamics

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2021Development and evaluation of a VR research tool to study wayfinding behaviour in a multi-story building 2018Validation of an agent-based building evacuation model with a school drill 2016Pedestrian crowd tactical‐level decision making during emergency evacuations 2019Simulating dynamics of adaptive exit-choice changing in crowd evacuations: Model implementation and behavioural interpretations 2021Investigating the influence of route turning angle on compliance behaviors and evacuation performance in a virtual-reality-based experiment

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