Male victims of sexual violence in rural Malawi: the overlooked association with HIV infection

Amy A. Conroy · Abdallah Chilungo

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Intimate Partner and Family Violence HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies

Abstract

In sub-Saharan Africa, research on intimate partner violence (IPV) has largely failed to consider men's experiences as victims by female perpetrators - particularly within ongoing heterosexual relationships such as marriage. The objectives of this study were to document the prevalence of sexual coercion among men, to describe the characteristics of male victims, and to test for an association between sexual coercion and HIV positivity. In 2010, cross-sectional data on HIV risk behaviors, HIV status, and IPV were collected from a sample of 684 mostly married men in rural Malawi. Bivariate analyses were used to examine differences in HIV risk characteristics between victims and nonvictims of sexual coercion. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association between sexual coercion and HIV positivity. Over one-tenth (10.4%) of men reported being a victim of sexual coercion. Male victims of sexual coercion were more likely to be married (p < 0.05), older than 24 years (p < 0.05), physically abused by a female partner (p < 0.001), believed their partners were at higher risk for HIV (p < 0.05), and had consumed alcohol in the past month (p < 0.01). After controlling for potential confounders, the odds of being HIV positive were 7.2 times higher among men who had experienced sexual coercion (p < 0.000). In sub-Saharan Africa, research on men's experience of violence as victims is long overdue. More formative research is needed to understand the mechanisms through which men experience violence and how to appropriately measure IPV among male victims. While the data are cross-sectional and cannot evaluate causality, the strength of the association with HIV positivity merits further attention.

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References

2004Gender-based violence, relationship power, and risk of HIV infection in women attending antenatal clinics in South Africa 2010Intimate partner violence, relationship power inequity, and incidence of HIV infection in young women in South Africa: a cohort study 2006Factors associated with HIV sero-status in young rural South African women: connections between intimate partner violence and HIV 2007Alcohol Use, Intimate Partner Violence, Sexual Coercion and HIV among Women Aged 15–24 in Rakai, Uganda 1995Sexual coercion and reproductive health: A focus on research 1998Sexual Coercion, Physical Violence, and HIV Infection Among Women in Steady Relationships in Kigali, Rwanda 2004Substance abuse and behavioral correlates of sexual assault among South African adolescents 2007Learning Sex and Gender in Zambia: Masculinities and HIV/AIDS Risk

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