Articlegreen2006

A 6-Item Scale for Overall, Emotional, and Social Loneliness

Jenny de Jong Gierveld · T.G. van Tilburg

1,465 citations0/0 files storedResearch on Aging

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Health disparities and outcomes Psychometric Methodologies and Testing Aging and Gerontology Research

Abstract

Loneliness is an indicator of social well-being and pertains to the feeling of missing an intimate relationship (emotional loneliness) or missing a wider social network (social loneliness). The 11-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale has proved to be a valid and reliable measurement instrument for overall, emotional, and social loneliness, although its length has sometimes rendered it difficult to use in large surveys. In this study, the authors empirically tested a shortened version of the scale on data from two surveys ( N = 9,448). Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the specification of two latent factors. Congruent validity and the relationship with determinants (partner status, health) proved to be optimal. The 6-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale is a reliable and valid measurement instrument for overall, emotional, and social loneliness that is suitable for large surveys.

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References

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Cited by

2018Associations between loneliness and perceived social support and outcomes of mental health problems: a systematic review 2016The Effect of Information Communication Technology Interventions on Reducing Social Isolation in the Elderly: A Systematic Review 2022The prevalence of loneliness across 113 countries: systematic review and meta-analysis 2010The De Jong Gierveld short scales for emotional and social loneliness: tested on data from 7 countries in the UN generations and gender surveys 2009Older adult loneliness: myths and realities

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