FACTS AND ARTIFACTS IN USING ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE TO “UNDO” THE LAW OF INITIAL VALUES

Lorna Smith Benjamin

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Psychometric Methodologies and Testing Statistical Methods and Applications Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference

Abstract

ABSTRACT The writer has proposed (Benjamin, 1963) that the criterion for a score linearly independent of initial level be that the score have no correlation with initial level. The criterion makes analysis of covariance (anacova) the method of choice for undoing LIV. This paper reviews miscellaneous artifacts said to be associated with anacova and finds that none of them precludes this procedure. Some presumed artifacts considered are: that rxd is “… so complexly constituted that it does not allow simple interpretation” (Lacey and Lacey, 1962); that anacova can cause a loss of valuable information (Heath and Oken, 1965); that anacova introduces an artifactual association with final level (Heath and Oken, 1965); that LIV as measured by anacova techniques can be an artifact of whether resistance or conductance happens to be chosen (Hord, Johnson, and Lubin, 1964); that the use of anacova in (clinically important) instances where groups are defined by a fixed variable is sure to vitally violate its assumptions (Lubin, 1965).

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1962Statistical principles in experimental design.1965Problems in Measuring Change 1961Experimental Design in Psychological Research 1957THE LAW OF INITIAL VALUE IN NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY 1962THE LAW OF INITIAL VALUE IN PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY: A REFORMULATION IN TERMS OF EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS 1965ON THE LAW OF INITIAL VALUE AND THE MEASUREMENT OF CHANGE

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