Due-Date Scheduling: Asymptotic Optimality of Generalized Longest Queue and Generalized Largest Delay Rules

Abstract

Consider the following due-date scheduling problem in a multiclass, acyclic, single-station service system: Any class k job arriving at time t must be served by its due date t+Dk. Equivalently, its delay τk must not exceed a given delay or lead-time Dk. In a stochastic system, the constraint τk≤Dk must be interpreted in a probabilistic sense. Regardless of the precise probabilistic formulation, however, the associated optimal control problem is intractable with exact analysis. This article proposes a new formulation which incorporates the constraint through a sequence of convex-increasing delay cost functions. This formulation reduces the intractable optimal scheduling problem into one for which the Generalized cμ (Gcμ) scheduling rule is known to be asymptotically optimal. The Gcμ rule simplifies here to a generalized longest queue (GLQ) or generalized largest delay (GLD) rule, which are defined as follows. Let Nk be the number of class k jobs in system, λk their arrival rate, and ak the age of their oldest job in the system. GLQ and GLD are dynamic priority rules, parameterized by θ: GLQ(θ) serves FIFO within class and prioritizes the class with highest index θkNk, whereas GLD(θ) uses index θkλkak. The argument is presented first intuitively, but is followed by a limit analysis that expresses the cost objective in terms of the maximal due-date violation probability. This proves that GLQ(θ*) and GLD(θ*), where θ*,k = 1/λkDk, asymptotically minimize the probability of maximal due-date violation in heavy traffic. Specifically, they minimize [Formula: see text] for all positive t and x, where τk(s) is the delay of the most recent class k job that arrived before time s. GLQ with appropriate parameter θα also reduces “total variability” because it asymptotically minimizes a weighted sum of αth delay moments. Properties of GLQ and GLD, including an expression for their asymptotic delay distributions, are presented.

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