Article2010

Can shame memories become a key to identity? The centrality of shame memories predicts psychopathology

167 citations0/0 files storedApplied Cognitive Psychology

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Identity, Memory, and Therapy Memory Processes and Influences Emotions and Moral Behavior

Abstract

This study investigates the premise that a shame memory can become a central component of personal identity, a turning point in the life story and a reference point for everyday inferences. We assessed shame, centrality of shame memory, depression, anxiety, stress and traumatic stress reactions in 811 participants from general population (481 undergraduate students and 330 subjects from normal population) to explore the interactions between these variables. Results show that early shame experiences do indeed reveal centrality of memory characteristics. Furthermore, the centrality of shame memories is associated with current feelings of internal and external shame in adulthood. Key to our findings is that the centrality of shame memories shows a unique and independent contribution to depression, anxiety and stress prediction, even when controlling for shame measures. In addition, our results show that the centrality of shame memories is highly and positively associated with traumatic stress reactions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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References

2013Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 1995The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories 2001Bad is Stronger than Good 2000A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder 2001The Psychology of Life Stories 1997Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD 2002Shame and Guilt 2006Compassionate mind training for people with high shame and self‐criticism: overview and pilot study of a group therapy approach

Cited by

2012The Effect of Shame and Shame Memories on Paranoid Ideation and Social Anxiety 2014Childhood Maltreatment, Shame‐Proneness and Self‐Criticism in Social Anxiety Disorder: A Sequential Mediational Model 2013Perceived causal relations between anxiety, posttraumatic stress and depression: extension to moderation, mediation, and network analysis 2020A new measure to assess external and internal shame: development, factor structure and psychometric properties of the External and Internal Shame Scale 2014Out of my real body: cognitive neuroscience meets eating disorders

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