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Abstract The rate of return in a PAYG pension system is typically lower than in a funded system. This lower rate of return generates a loss for the contributors which basically acts like an implicit income tax. In this paper, we argue that the implicit income tax is an excellent measure with which to evaluate the upcoming pension crisis in Germany and that it is also much better suited than other measures (such as the contribution rate, the pension level or the rate of return) to understand the impact of various reform scenarios. We also calculate the development of the implicit tax for prominent reform proposals in Germany.
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Papers that cite the same references — the relational fallback while embeddings are still backfilling.
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