Delivering New Vaccines to Adolescents: The Role of School-Entry Laws

Gail Horlick · Frederic E. Shaw · Margaret Gorji · Daniel B. Fishbein

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Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare Intramuscular injections and effects

Abstract

In the United States, state-based school-entry vaccination laws have been used effectively to rapidly increase vaccination rates among adolescents, in particular, for hepatitis B vaccine. New vaccines for adolescents raise the question of whether and under what circumstances school-entry laws may be used to increase coverage rates with these vaccines. The new vaccines differ somewhat from their predecessors and raise policy and legal issues. For example, some of the new vaccines prevent diseases for which the primary mode of transmission is sexual contact. Mandating these vaccines before school entry has been met with concern by those who believe that mandates for this type of vaccine not only intrude on parental decision-making rights but might also lead to sexual promiscuity among youth. In this article we explore (1) the possible utility of school-entry requirements to increase the delivery of the new vaccines for adolescents, including the legal basis for US school-entry laws, (2) arguments in favor and concerns about the adoption of laws for adolescent vaccination, and (3) the importance of including diverse stakeholders in the deliberative process and formulating and implementing laws in a way that maximizes their acceptance and effectiveness.

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References

2011National Conference of State Legislatures 2008Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)2005Task Force on Community Preventive Services 2006ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES 2000Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to improve vaccination coverage in children, adolescents, and adults11The names and affiliations of the Task Force members are listed on page v of this supplement and at http://www.thecommunityguide.org22Some of this material was published previously in: Shefer A, Briss P, Rodewald L, et al. Improving immunization coverage rates: an evidence-based review of the literature. Epidemiol Rev 1999;20:96–142.2000Individual and Community Risks of Measles and Pertussis Associated With Personal Exemptions to Immunization 1999The immunization system in the United States — The role of school immunization laws 1999Health Consequences of Religious and Philosophical Exemptions From Immunization Laws

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2008Vaccinating Adolescents in High-Risk Settings: Lessons Learned From Experiences With Hepatitis B Vaccine 2015Immunization Coverage Among Juvenile Justice Detainees

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