Ética, equidad y determinantes sociales de la salud

Abstract

Las evidencias aportadas por los estudios sobre los determinantes sociales de la salud modifican la relación entre la ética y la medicina, entre lo normativo y lo descriptivo en el estudio de la salud pública. También modifican la concepción tradicional de la equidad, las políticas sanitarias necesarias y el futuro de la bioética. Más concretamente: 1) la frontera entre la medicina y la ética se vuelve mucho más difusa, sobre todo en el campo de la epidemiología, cuyos objetivos son ahora inseparables de consideraciones éticas; 2) la concepción de la equidad en salud definida tradicionalmente a partir del acceso al sistema sanitario debe corregirse o ampliarse para incorporar las desigualdades injustas de salud que se producen antes de que los enfermos lleguen al sistema sanitario; y 3) el tradicional sesgo autonomista de la bioética debe sustituirse por una preocupación prioritaria por la justicia social y su relación con la salud. The evidence shown by studies on the social determinants of health has changed the relationship between ethics and medicine. The evidence shown by studies on the social determinants of health has changed the relationship between ethics and medicine, and between a normative and a descriptive approach. Studies on the social determinants of health have also modified the traditional concept of equity, necessary health policies and the future of bioethics. More specifically: 1) the boundary between medicine and ethics has become much fuzzier, especially in the field of epidemiology, whose objectives are now inseparable from ethical considerations; 2) the concept of health equity traditionally defined as access to healthcare should be corrected or expanded to incorporate unfair health inequalities that occur before patients reach the healthcare system; and 3) the traditional autonomy bias of bioethics should be replaced by a primary concern for social justice and its relationship with health.

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