Jumping the Gun: Firearms and the Mental Health of Australians

Michael J Dudley · Chris H. Cantor · Greg de Moore

25 citations0/0 files storedAustralian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry

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Gun Ownership and Violence Research Suicide and Self-Harm Studies Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to (i) survey mental health-related correlates of firearms ownership and availability in Australia, and (ii) assess possible causal relationships between civilian gun deaths, gun availability and mental disorders. METHOD: Available data regarding firearms ownership, injuries and deaths were reviewed as well as studies of (i) gun ownership, suicide and homicide, and (ii) gun control laws and suicide. RESULTS: Findings indicated that 85% of firearm deaths are triggered by distress, as opposed to crime. Most firearm homicides are intrafamilial or involve familiar persons. Firearm suicide rates, although tapering off in recent years, continue to rise among certain groups. It was also found that: (1) Beyond reasonable doubt, a causal relationship exists between gun ownership and firearm suicides and homicides. The role of method substitution is controversial, but is probably less important among the young. (2) Outside the United States, legislation may be useful in reducing firearm and possibly overall suicide rates. (3) If firearm owners are representative of the community, then 15-20% suffer from a psychiatric disorder at any time. While a modest increase in risk of firearms misuse exists for this group, especially those with a history of substance abuse or violence, concern also arises regarding those with mental disorders who access firearms because owners have not secured them. No uniform definition or way of verifying self-reports exists for gun licence applicants regarding these issues. CONCLUSIONS: Further regulation of firearm safety and availability is warranted. Public health measures include improved surveillance regarding firearm events, advocacy for appropriate firearm legislation, and better education and communication about firearms.

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References

1981Sociology and Social Research 1994Violence and mental disorder: developments in risk assessment 1987Life Threat and Posttraumatic Stress in School-age Children 1988Risk Factors for Adolescent Suicide 1993Psychiatric Risk Factors for Adolescent Suicide: A Case-Control Study 1992Suicide in the Home in Relation to Gun Ownership 1967Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry 1983Prediction of Suicide in Psychiatric Patients

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2000Preventive Interventions for Youth Suicide: A Risk Factor-Based Approach 1999Suicide Attempts by Firearms and by Leaping From Heights: A Comparative Study of Survivors

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