Beyond Stigma: Visibility and Self‐Empowerment of Persons with Congenital Limb Deficiencies

Gelya Frank

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Disability Rights and Representation Inclusion and Disability in Education and Sport Congenital limb and hand anomalies

Abstract

Goffman's (1963) theory of stigma holds that rejection by “normals” leads people with disabilities to adopt practices that help them to pass as normal or cover the immediate impact of their physical difference. However, such an attempt to mitigate the effects of stigma does not characterize the life histories of three adults with severe multiple congenital limb deficiences described in this paper. For them, self‐display, within the context of American culture in the 1980s, is a strategy for self‐empowerment in which the primary focus is the experience of the person with disabilities rather than the reactions of people who are “normal.” Their adaptations suggest some limitations to the applicability of Goffman's theory in a changing social context.

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References

1964Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity.1968The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research 1983Physical disability - a psychosocial approach (2nd ed.).1961Deviance Disavowal: The Management of Strained Interaction by the Visibly Handicapped 1986On embodiment: A case study of congenital limb deficiency in American culture 1981Stigmatized health conditions 1984Life history model of adaptation to disability: The case of a ‘congenital amputee’

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1997Enhancing the Physical and Social Self through Recreational Activity: Accounts of Individuals with Physical Disabilities 2000Living with chronic illness: the interface of stigma and normalization.1989Investigating stigma as stress in social interactions of parents 1998“I Hate my Voice”: Coming to Terms with Minor Bodily Stigmas 2007Being normally different? Changes to normalization processes: from alignment to work on the norm 2011The vocational well-being of workers with childhood onset of disability: Life satisfaction and perceived workplace discrimination

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