The Effects of Child Maltreatment on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis

Elizabeth E. Van Voorhees · Angela Scarpa

124 citations0/0 files storedTrauma Violence & Abuse

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Child Abuse and Trauma Child Welfare and Adoption Stress Responses and Cortisol

Abstract

Abnormal functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a critical mammalian stress response system, has been associated with emotional responses such as anxiety and depression, as well as with behavioral and cognitive processes such as aggression, learning and memory deficits, and failure of response inhibition. This review examines the evidence for HPA axis dysregulation related to childhood maltreatment. It is concluded that child maltreatment may lead to disruptions in HPA axis functioning, and that factors such as age of maltreatment, parental responsiveness, subsequent exposure to stressors, type of maltreatment, and type of psychopathology or behavioral disturbance displayed may influence the degree and patterning of HPA disturbance.

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References

1989The Cycle of Violence 1990Mechanisms in the Cycle of Violence 1999Developmental traumatology part II: brain development∗∗See accompanying Editorial, in this issue.1997Hippocampal volume in women victimized by childhood sexual abuse 1999Developmental traumatology part I: biological stress systems∗∗See accompanying Editorial, in this issue.1996Behavioral Inhibition and Stress Reactivity: The Moderating Role of Attachment Security 2001The Impact of Childhood Abuse and Neglect on Adult Mental Health: A Prospective Study 2002Brain structures in pediatric maltreatment-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a sociodemographically matched study

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