Article2005

Ensuring a Minimum: Social Security Reform and Women

22 citations0/0 files storedThe Gerontologist

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Retirement, Disability, and Employment Social Policy and Reform Studies Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis

Abstract

PURPOSE: The potential effects of implementing three different minimum benefits in Social Security, which have accompanied proposals to privatize the program and reform family benefits, are examined in relation to the adequacy of benefits for women reaching age 62 between 2020 and 2030. DESIGN AND METHODS: The 1992 Health and Retirement Study is used to conduct a simplified microsimulation. RESULTS: The minimum benefit proposal accompanying privatization proposals, which requires 40 earnings years for a poverty level benefit, fails to cover significant numbers of vulnerable women. The elimination of spousal benefits, criticized for being outdated and regressive, helps offset the costs of more generous minimum benefits, such as those that require residency or 10 earnings years for eligibility. IMPLICATIONS: Noncontributory benefits distributed based on marital status are not as effective at protecting poorer women, as well as a new generation of women that is less likely to be married, than are minimum benefits where eligibility is tied to U.S. residency or simply Social Security eligibility.

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References

1998The Paradox of Redistribution and Strategies of Equality: Welfare State Institutions, Inequality, and Poverty in the Western Countries 2018Social Security Bulletin 1983A Comparison of Alternative Models for the Demand for Medical Care 2000Faces of Inequality: Gender, Class, and Patterns of Inequalities in Different Types of Welfare States 2001Marriage Delayed or Marriage Forgone? New Cohort Forecasts of First Marriage for U.S. Women 1996Making Claims as Workers or Wives: The Distribution of Social Security Benefits 2008How Effective is Redistribution Under the Social Security Benefit Formula?1990Modeling American Marriage Patterns

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2010Gender Relations and Applied Research on Aging 2015Women’s Household Preparation for Retirement at Young and Mid-Adulthood: Differences by Children and Marital Status 2018A Targeted Minimum Benefit Plan: A New Proposal to Reduce Poverty Among Older Social Security Recipients A Targeted Minimum Benefit Plan 2010Earnings Sharing in the U.S. Social Security System: A Microsimulation Analysis of Future Female Retirees 2007

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